In the 2nd quarter of 2023, the employed population (4,979.4 thousand people) increased by 1.1% (54.7 thousand) from the previous quarter and by 1.6% (77.6 thousand) from one year before.

The share of the employed population who has teleworked, that is, who has worked from home using information and communication technologies was 18.3% (908.9 thousand people), 0.4 percentage points (pp) more than in the 1st quarter of 2023.

The unemployed population, estimated at 324.5 thousand people, has decreased by 14.7% (55.8 thousand) from the previous quarter and increased by 8.6% (25.7 thousand) from a year earlier.

The unemployment rate stood at 6.1%, down 1.1 pp from the 1st quarter of 2023 and up 0.4 pp from the 2nd quarter of 2022.

The labour underutilisation covered 625.3 thousand people, having decreased by 8.1% (55.4 thousand) from the previous quarter and increased by 4.1% (24.6 thousand) from a year before. Similarly, the labour underutilisation rate (11.5%) has decreased from the previous quarter (1.0 pp) and increased from the same quarter of 2022 (0.3 pp).

The inactive population aged 16 and over (3,544.7 thousand people) has increased by 0.2% (7.4 thousand) from the previous quarter and decreased by 1.7% (59.7 thousand) in the year-on-year comparison.