September 2023 (definitive estimates):

• The active population (5,287.8 thousand people) decreased from August (0.2%) and from June 2023 (2.1 thousand, which corresponds to a nearly null relative change), having increased from September 2022 (1.9%).

• The employed population (4,939.1 thousand) decreased from the previous month (0.5%) and from three months before (0.3%) and increased from the same month of the previous year (1.5%).

• The unemployed population (348.7 thousand) increased from the three periods under comparison: 3.9%, 4.4% and 8.1%, respectively.

• Similarly, also the unemployment rate, which stood at 6.6%, has increased from the previous month (0.3 percentage points (pp)), from three months before (0.3 pp) and from a year earlier (0.4 pp).

• The inactive population (2,402.0 thousand) increased by 0.5% from August and by 0.2% from June 2023 and decreased by 2.7% from September 2022.

• The labour underutilisation rate was estimated at 11.8%, up from the three periods under comparison (0.2 pp, 0.1 pp and 0.3 pp, respectively).

October 2023 (provisional estimates):

• The active population (5,283.3 thousand) decreased by 0.1% from September and by 0.3% from July 2023, having increased by 1.7% from October 2022.

• Similarly, the employed population (4,930.0 thousand) has also decreased from the previous month (0.2%) and from three months before (0.7%), having increased from a year earlier (1.1%).

• The unemployed population (353.4 thousand) increased from the three periods under comparison: 1.4%, 5.1% and 11.1%, respectively.

• Similarly, the unemployment rate, that stood at 6.7%, has also registered an increase from September 2023 (0.1 pp), from July of the same year (0.4 pp) and from October 2022 (0.6 pp).

• The inactive population (2,408.1 thousand) increased by 0.3% from the previous month and by 0.7% from three months before, having decreased by 2.2% from one year earlier.

• The labour underutilisation rate stood at 11.9%, up 0.1 pp from the previous month, up 0.4 pp from three months before and up 0.4 pp from October 2022.