2022 Edition 52 MONTHLY STATISTICAL BULLETIN In 2021, only 6.3% of domestic wheat use came from national production Portugal is highly dependent on external sources of supply for its wheat. For more than a decade, the country has not produced a tenth of what it uses (human consumption, animal feed, industrial use, etc.), i.e., self-supply has been less than 10%. In 2021, Portugal had only 6.3% self-sufficiency, which is in sharp contrast to the 59.9% recorded in 1990. Degree of wheat self-sufficiency (1990-2021) As a result, the Portuguese trade balance of wheat has been in deficit. The smallest deficit was recorded in 1988, when the series of comparable data begins, and amounted to €48 million. Since then, the deficit has recorded an increasing trend and in 2021 it amounted to €286 million. Since 1991, the main suppliers of wheat to Portugal have been the European Union countries, especially France. Given the low imports of this cereal from Ukraine (0.5%) and Russia (0.3%), the war between these countries will hardly affect the internal supply directly. However, the conflict is leading to an increase in the international price of wheat, which might lead to anticipate a greater imbalance in trade. 100 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021po (%) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 po-provisional Trade balance (value and quantity) of wheat, Portugal, 1988-2021 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2020 2018 0 -50 -100 -150 Average annual balance (€Million) -213.1 -200 -250 -300 -350
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