The results of the Survey on Living Conditions and Income carried out in 2025 indicate that households at risk-of-poverty occupied 30.1% of dwellings built before 1945 and 11.4% of dwellings built after 2015. More than half of the households living in dwellings built before 1960 (54.7%) reported that no renovation work had been carried out to improve energy efficiency, despite this being necessary. More than a fifth of households living in dwellings built after 2015 (21.6%) had benefited from at least one renovation measure aimed at improving energy efficiency.
Financial cost is the reason most frequently cited by households for not carrying out necessary housing improvements, particularly among those at-risk-of-poverty: 90.1%, compared with 77.9% for the population living above the poverty threshold (8,679 euros). The population at-risk-of-poverty reported being more affected by damage to their homes caused by environmental/weather-related factors: 7.5% (6.9% for those living above the poverty threshold). Damage of this nature affected residents in urban areas more (7.7% in predominantly urban areas and 6.6% in medium urban areas) compared with predominantly rural areas (6.0%).
The results suggest that households with children place greater value on proximity to public green spaces. In 2025, 44.9% of households without children lived within 400 metres of a public green space, with the proportion rising to 47.0% for households with children. More than half of individuals in households comprising two adults with three or more children lived within 400 metres of a public green space.
The rates of overcrowding and severe housing deprivation among households with children were around four times higher than those in households without children. Poverty also emerges as a distinguishing factor in housing conditions: in particular, the housing cost overburden rate among the population at-risk-of-poverty was more than eight times that observed in the rest of the population: 24.4% and 2.9%, respectively. Even so, 90.1% of households at-risk-of-poverty reported being satisfied or very satisfied with their accommodation.
In 2025, 72.7% of households reported that they always or almost always separated plastic packaging such as bottles, jugs or jars from general household waste. More than 90% of individuals belong to households whose most recent private car runs on diesel or petrol. The proportion of hybrid cars is slightly higher than that of electric cars: 4.0% and 3.4% respectively.
A quarter of the population (25.6%) reported having taken at least one flight within Europe in the last 12 months, for private or professional purposes. For journeys outside Europe, the proportion fell to 9.3%. For 18.0% of the population, the destination of a mobile phone when it breaks is recycling.
