April 2023:

• The active population (5,272.2 thousand) decreased from March 2023 (0.1%), having increased from January of the same year (0.1%) and from April 2022 (1.7%).

• The employed population (4,927.7 thousand) increased from the three periods under comparison (previous month, three months before and same month of the previous year): 0.2%, 0.6% and 1.0%, respectively.

• The unemployed population (344.5 thousand) decreased by 4.3% from March 2023, by 6.3% from January 2023 and increased by 13.5% from April from a year earlier.

• The unemployment rate stood at 6.5%, down 0.3 percentage points (pp) from the previous month, down 0.5 pp from three months before and up 0.6 pp from a year earlier.

• The inactive population (2,413.5 thousand) increase 0.2% from March 2023, having decreased from January of the same year (0.3%) and from March 2022 (2.6%).

• The labour underutilisation rate was estimated at 11.9%, down 0.1 pp from the previous month, down 0.4 pp from three months before and up 0.6 pp from one year earlier.

May 2023:

• The active population (5,270.4 thousand) decreased from the previous month (corresponding to an almost null relative change) and from February 2023 (0.1%), having increased by 1.7% from May 2022.

• The employed population (4,931.8 thousand) had a positive relative change from the previous month (0.1%), from three months before (0.3%) and from a year earlier (1.3%).

• The unemployed population (338.6 thousand) decreased from the previous month (1.7%) and from three months before (6.4%), having increased from a year earlier (8.5%).

• The unemployment rate stood at 6.4%, down from April and February 2023 (0.1 pp and 0.5 pp, respectively), but up from May 2022 (0.4 pp).

• The inactive population (2,416.8 thousand) increased from the previous month and from three months before (0.1 pp and 0.2 pp, respectively) and decreased from one year earlier (2.5 pp).

• The labour underutilisation rate stood at 11.9%, remained unchanged from the previous month, down 0.2 pp from three months before and up 0.4 pp from the same month of 2022.